Core Processes and Quality Control Points in Organic Fertilizer Production

Organic fertilizer, as a key link connecting the resource utilization of agricultural waste and ecological farming, involves the scientific optimization and industrial scaling of natural microbial decomposition. Unlike the synthesis of chemical fertilizers, organic fertilizer production uses natural materials such as manure and plant waste as core raw materials. Through a series of standardized industrial processes, unstable organic waste is transformed into a stable product rich in humus, with balanced nutrients and soil-friendly properties. Precise control of key parameters such as moisture, temperature, and carbon-nitrogen ratio is required throughout the process to ensure efficient microbial metabolic activity.

Raw material collection and pretreatment are fundamental steps in organic fertilizer production, directly determining the nutritional basis and safety of the product. Raw material sources must be strictly screened. Animal manure should primarily come from large-scale livestock farms, such as cattle, sheep, and chicken manure, and impurities such as stones and plastics must be removed beforehand. Plant waste includes crop straw, vegetable residues, oil palm empty fruit bunches, and oil cakes. Agricultural by-products such as oil palm empty fruit bunches require preliminary crushing to improve subsequent fermentation efficiency. The core task of the pretreatment stage is raw material ratio adjustment. Materials are mixed according to their different carbon-nitrogen ratios; for example, high-carbon materials like straw need to be combined with high-nitrogen materials like manure to adjust the overall carbon-nitrogen ratio to the optimal range of 25:1-30:1. Simultaneously, moisture content is adjusted to 55%-65% through drying or adding water to provide a suitable environment for microbial growth. For raw materials with a higher risk of contamination, a disinfection pretreatment step is also necessary to reduce the probability of pathogen residue.